U.S. domestic wheat flour consumption boomed in 2020 when the COVID quarantine created a surge in home baking aficionados. In what may be a foretelling of other COVID-related societal changes, Milling & Baking News has calculated that domestic wheat flour consumption in 2021 fell to its lowest since 1989. Basically, flour consumption is volatile. The same can be said for wheat and semolina flour exports where there can be high variance.  However, flour exports are subject to many technical barriers imposed by importers, and in the case of Turkey, a subsidy program that enables a wheat importer to be a dominant flour exporter. Historically, politicians in developing countries first established their own national airline, and then b...