What You Need to Know:

U.S. fertilizer production is highly concentrated, but concentration alone does not establish that producers are operating as a cartel. Imports introduce competition unevenly: they supply nearly all U.S. potash consumption but play much smaller roles in domestic ammonia and phosphate-rock markets. The Hormuz disruption briefly more than doubled global urea prices relative to their prewar average, but prices subsequently fell below that benchmark—evidence of a market responding to changing supply conditions. Illinois nitrogen prices declined more slowly than global wholesale prices. Inventory costs, transportation, contracts and seasonal demand may explain the lag, although limited competition could also contrib...