With considerable fanfare—and few specifics—USDA last week announced its Great American Cotton Plan for 2026-2031. Secretary Brooke Rollins and industry leaders described the initiative as a comprehensive strategy to address the persistent challenges facing U.S. cotton production, domestic textile manufacturing, and export competitiveness.  The scope of the proposal is ambitious. Unlike earlier cotton programs that focused largely on supporting farm income, the new plan attempts to strengthen the entire supply chain through a mix of producer assistance, textile mill incentives, consumer promotion, and export development. Whether the announced measures can meaningfully alter the long-run economics of the cotton industry is a...