Trade Policy’s Pollution Bias UC-Berkley economist Joseph Shapiro analyzed (see NBER Working Paper No. 26845) tariff and nontariff barriers on global imports based on the relative CO2 emissions involved with the products. He found that “dirtier” products face lower import barriers than cleaner, downstream products. This creates an effective subsidy to pollute that Shapiro calculates is worth several hundred billion dollars. The reason for this divergence is because industries lobby for lower tariffs on inputs whereas consumers are not organized to lobby for the contrary policy.  Separately, the UK thinks it has a brilliant idea for dealing with the lower cost of food production in the U.S. and a bilateral trade agre...