We have described the long-term investment climate in crop and livestock production, using data primarily from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The data provided background on the current investment climate and outlook for agricultural capital formation. Our conclusion was that investments in crop and livestock production were stuck in a low commodity price and policy uncertainty down cycle. More specifically, investments in both crop and livestock production in 2016–2020 were net negative: depreciation of existing capital exceeded purchases of new equipment. Since then, there has been a soft rebound in investments, with the BEA estimate for 2024 reaching a net $6.7 billion.  In these previous articles, we evaluated the val...