GDP for Q4 2022 will come out on Thursday of this week; the consensus expectations is for 2.5 percent growth. But the question is what lies ahead for 2023? Consider, since Q3 2020, a huge increase in the M2money supply pulled the economy out of the Q2 COVID lockdown recession. That lead to growth, but it also lead to inflation in 2021 and 2022.

A good illustration of the inflationary impact comes from looking at the velocity of M2, i.e., how many times a dollar turns over in the economy per quarter. In 2019, one dollar would turnover between 1.4 and 1.45 times. Since COVID, the velocity ratio has been under 1.2 times. A good way to look at that is: with a higher supply of money and a lower velocity consumers are not buying more stuff, t...