Key Takeaways:

Demand and capacity decide where milk growth lands. Italian cheese is up 4.2 percent in 2026, and milk output is growing fastest in Kansas, South Dakota and Texas, where the new plants are located. Price spreads decide where the marginal milk goes. The Class IV premium over Class III peaked at $5.40 in May, and nonfat dry milk output is up 10.5 percent through August. In California, with flat milk production, cheese fell 6.6 percent while nonfat dry milk rose 28.2 percent. Make allowances are not a precise lever. Their effect is measured in cents against spreads measured in dollars, and it has not been isolated in the data. Watch September and October nonfat dry milk output. The premium narrowed to $0.72 in August before rec...