While monetary policy and the Federal Reserve itself are on the radar screen of policy makers who follow financial issues, the entire subject is still somewhat arcane. However, the new scrutiny is not going away.U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is now $16.768 trillion. Currently, the U.S. Federal Reserve balance sheet is $4.4 trillion (about 25 percent of GDP) and equal to the size of the U.S. economy in 1986. The growth in the Fed's assets came primarily through the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) in 2008 and the powers that legislation gave the central bank.Most of the growth in 2009 was attributable to emergency lending to financial institutions. In 2009 and 2010 when quantitative easing started, it was in federal agency debt mort...