Since the early 2000s, there has been plenty of discussion about whether monetary policy is too loose or too tight given the underlying economic conditions. It continues through today as the Fed tightened monetary policy to reign in inflation after the massive amounts of fiscal policy stimulus that came as a part of COVID recovery. From Q2 2022 to Q3 2023, interest rates increased by a total of 525 basis points, but inflation has remained “sticky” into 2024. That brings up another perhaps more pertinent topic of discussion: “loose” fiscal policy, i.e. large deficits. At the end of 2023, the current federal deficit was 6.3 percent of GDP, down from the COVID peak of 14.7 percent, but still the highest since the Great...