The Biden Administration announced a $1 billion program to incentivize “independent processing capacity” in the meat industry. Noting the irony of U.S. policy concurrently criticizing state-driven enterprise in China, the major meat packers responded with some pointed questions: • How much extra fabrication capacity is needed? • How high should cattle prices be? • How long will “independent” processors be subsidized? • How much will these new government paid packers be required to pay employees? (labor is the biggest challenge confronting the industry) This is not to say that imperfect competition does not exist in agrifood or in any other industry. Researchers in Canada and the U.S. examined...