Last year, the value of oil, energy, and agricultural commodities all fell. This caused reduced earnings at some large trading firms but, according to McKinsey, overall earnings in the sector rise at an average 1.5 percent per year and reached $104 billion last year. The value was sufficient to entice new players (banks, hedge funds, tech focused operators) into the market. The question for all firms, including from the hotseat of an AI operation, is always the same - where is there arbitrage opportunity? That is a dirty word (opaque, unearned) for those that do not understand how this reduces volatility. However, McKinsey points out that the threat of volatility is increasing due to rising geopolitical risks (Ukraine-Russia, China, Israel...