Key Takeaways:

The Middle East and North Africa's arid climate and limited water resources have created a structural dependence on imported wheat. Government wheat tenders in major importing countries serve as important benchmarks for global trade, providing insight into exporter competitiveness, pricing trends, and international demand. Egypt’s subsidized bread program is viewed as a critical component of national food security, helping drive consistent wheat import demand and making the country one of the world’s largest wheat buyers. Russia’s rise as a low-cost wheat exporter has reshaped global trade flows, with many Middle Eastern and North African buyers prioritizing affordable and reliable supplies over geopolitica...